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如何将Vue单页面项目部署到服务器

最近伙伴们在做vue项目时面临这样的一个问题:用vue框架做项目,花了一个月好不容易做完了,在本地都能完美的运行起来,但部署到服务器遇到好多问题:资源找不到直接访问index.html页面空白刷新当前路由404。。。用react做的项目也同样遇到类似问题。现在我们一起讨论下单页面如何部署到服务器?

像vue、react等前端框架,是用路由来实现单页面的组件渲染,单页面应用应该放到nginx或者apache、tomcat等web代理服务器中,千万不要直接访问index.html,同时要根据自己服务器的项目路径更改react或vue的路由地址。

如果项目是直接跟在域名后面的,比如:http://www.ms200.cn ,根路由就是 ‘/’。
如果项目是直接跟在域名后面的一个子目录中的,比如:http://www.ms200.cn/children ,根路由就是 ‘/children ‘,不能直接访问index.html。

以配置Nginx为例,配置过程大致如下:

假设:
1、项目文件目录: /mnt/html/spa(spa目录下的文件就是执行了npm run dist 后生成的dist目录下的文件)
2、访问域名:spa.sosout.com
进入nginx.conf新增如下配置:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name  spa.sosout.com;
    root /mnt/html/spa;
    index index.html;
    location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
        root /mnt/html/spa;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
    }
    access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
}

注意事项:
1、配置域名的话,需要80端口,成功后,只要访问域名即可访问的项目
2、如果你使用了react-router的 browserHistory 模式或 vue-router的 history 模式,在nginx配置还需要重写路由:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name  spa.sosout.com;
    root /mnt/html/spa;
    index index.html;
    location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
        root /mnt/html/spa;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ @fallback;
        index index.html;
        proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
        proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
    }
    location @fallback {
        rewrite ^.*$ /index.html break;
    }
    access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
}

为什么要重写路由?因为我们的项目只有一个根入口,当输入类似/home的url时,如果找不到对应的页面,nginx会尝试加载index.html,这是通过react-router或vue-router就能正确的匹配我们输入的/home路由,从而显示正确的home页面,如果browserHistory模式或history模式的项目没有配置上述内容,会出现404的情况。

简单举两个例子,一个vue项目一个react项目:

vue项目:

域名:http://tb.sosout.com

import App from ‘../App’// 首页
const home = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require(‘../page/home/index’)), ‘home’)// 物流
const logistics = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require(‘../page/logistics/index’)), ‘logistics’)// 购物车
const cart = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require(‘../page/cart/index’)), ‘cart’)// 我的
const profile = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require(‘../page/profile/index’)), ‘profile’)// 登录界面
const login = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require(‘../page/user/login’)), ‘login’)export default [{
path: ‘/’,
component: App, // 顶层路由,对应index.html
children: [{
path: ‘/home’, // 首页
component: home
}, {
path: ‘/logistics’, // 物流
component: logistics,
meta: {
login: true
}
}, {
path: ‘/cart’, // 购物车
component: cart,
meta: {
login: true
}
}, {
path: ‘/profile’, // 我的
component: profile
}, {
path: ‘/login’, // 登录界面
component: login
}, {
path: ‘*’,
redirect: ‘/home’
}]
}]
############
# 其他配置
############

http {
    ############
    # 其他配置
    ############
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  tb.sosout.com;
        root /mnt/html/tb;
        index index.html;
        location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
            root /mnt/html/tb;
        }
    
        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ @fallback;
            index index.html;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
        }
        location @fallback {
            rewrite ^.*$ /index.html break;
        }
        access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
    }
    ############
    # 其他配置
    ############   
}

react项目:

域名:http://antd.sosout.com

/**
* 疑惑一:
* React createClass 和 extends React.Component 有什么区别?
* 之前写法:
* let app = React.createClass({
* getInitialState: function(){
* // some thing
* }
* })
* ES6写法(通过es6类的继承实现时state的初始化要在constructor中声明):
* class exampleComponent extends React.Component {
* constructor(props) {
* super(props);
* this.state = {example: ‘example’}
* }
* }
*/import React, {Component, PropTypes} from ‘react’; // react核心
import { Router, Route, Redirect, IndexRoute, browserHistory, hashHistory } from ‘react-router’; // 创建route所需
import Config from ‘../config/index’;
import layout from ‘../component/layout/layout’; // 布局界面import login from ‘../containers/login/login’; // 登录界面/**
* (路由根目录组件,显示当前符合条件的组件)
*
* @class Roots
* @extends {Component}
*/
class Roots extends Component {
render() {
// 这个组件是一个包裹组件,所有的路由跳转的页面都会以this.props.children的形式加载到本组件下
return (

{this.props.children}

);
}
}

// const history = process.env.NODE_ENV !== ‘production’ ? browserHistory : hashHistory;

// 快速入门
const home = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/home/homeIndex’).default)
}, ‘home’);
}

// 百度图表-折线图
const chartLine = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/charts/lines’).default)
}, ‘chartLine’);
}

// 基础组件-按钮
const button = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/general/buttonIndex’).default)
}, ‘button’);
}

// 基础组件-图标
const icon = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/general/iconIndex’).default)
}, ‘icon’);
}

// 用户管理
const user = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/user/userIndex’).default)
}, ‘user’);
}

// 系统设置
const setting = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/setting/settingIndex’).default)
}, ‘setting’);
}

// 广告管理
const adver = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/adver/adverIndex’).default)
}, ‘adver’);
}

// 组件一
const oneui = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/ui/oneIndex’).default)
}, ‘oneui’);
}

// 组件二
const twoui = (location, cb) => {
require.ensure([], require => {
cb(null, require(‘../containers/ui/twoIndex’).default)
}, ‘twoui’);
}

// 登录验证
const requireAuth = (nextState, replace) => {
let token = (new Date()).getTime() – Config.localItem(‘USER_AUTHORIZATION’);
if(token > 7200000) { // 模拟Token保存2个小时
replace({
pathname: ‘/login’,
state: { nextPathname: nextState.location.pathname }
});
}
}

const RouteConfig = (

// 默认加载的组件,比如访问www.test.com,会自动跳转到www.test.com/home

// 所有的访问,都跳转到Roots
// 默认加载的组件,比如访问www.test.com,会自动跳转到www.test.com/home

);

export default RouteConfig;

############
# 其他配置
############

http {
    ############
    # 其他配置
    ############
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  antd.sosout.com;
        root /mnt/html/reactAntd;
        index index.html;
        location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
            root /mnt/html/reactAntd;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
            index index.html;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
        }
        location @router {
            rewrite ^.*$ /index.html break;
        }
        access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
    }

    ############
    # 其他配置
    ############   
}

原创文章,作者:Ferrycoln,如若转载,请注明出处:https://ms200.cn/archives/429

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